A comparison of ecological imagination typologies in the poetry of W.S. Rendra and D. Zawawi Imron: Indonesian literature's contribution to world ecopoetics
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Differences in ecological landscape shape how poets imagine nature, and a typology of ecological imagination is needed to deepen descriptive ecopoetics. This study aims to (1) construct a typology of agrarian ecological imagination in the poetry of W.S. Rendra, (2) construct a typology of maritime–dryland ecological imagination in the poetry of D. Zawawi Imron, and (3) explain the implications of these typologies for ecological identity in modern Indonesian poetry. It uses a qualitative-comparative approach grounded in ecopoetics theory and analyzed through Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics. Data consist of linguistic markers representing rural, coastal, and dryland nature, analyzed through symbolic interpretation to uncover the construction of ecological meaning. Findings show that Rendra’s poetry builds an agrarian typology positioning nature as a space of abundance, harmony, and continuity of life, yet also of competing interests; Zawawi’s poetry builds a maritime–dryland typology representing nature as a space of resilience, adaptation, and cultural identity. Together, the two typologies show that ecological landscape shapes not only poetic language but also ecopoetics theory itself, through a typology rooted in the diversity of Indonesia’s local cultural landscapes
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