RESISTIVE LITERATURE IN THE DISCOURSE OF SUFISM: A CONTEXTUAL LINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE TEACHINGS OF SHEIKH YUSUF AL-MAKASSARY
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This study examines the Sufi teachings of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary as a form of resistive literature, namely a spiritual discourse that functions as a resistance against physical colonization, cultural domination, and epistemic oppression during the colonial period. The works of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary are understood as a form of resistive literature within the framework of Sufism that integrates spiritual struggle with social and intellectual liberation. The Contextual Linguistics approach is used to analyze the use of language in Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary's Sufi works that convey spiritual and social resistance in a subtle and profound way. Texts such as Zubdat al-Asrār, Yawaqit al-Haqāiq, as well as his letters and wills to rulers and people show that Sufism is not merely an individual spiritual path, but also a strategy for collective liberation from various forms of colonialism. Through an analysis of the aspects of field (spiritual-political themes), tenor (the relationship between the writer and the reader in the context of power), and mode (symbolic and metaphorical delivery style), it was found that the Sufism teachings of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary contain linguistic structures that challenge hegemonic power, give voice to silenced voices, and reaffirm the spiritual identity of the archipelago. Three forms of resistive literature in Sufism discourse include resistance in symbolic language, Sufi linguistic strategies as resistance, and historical contextualization. Based on the analysis and discussion of the data, resistive literary discourse was found in the works of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary which includes the Sufism language of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary as a symbol of epistemic resistance, Sufi intertextuality and liberation politics, contextual discourse structures: metaphors and spiritual symbols as political signals, resistive literature based on tauhid, and covert communication strategies (rhetorical taqiyyah). This study recommends further development of the study of Nusantara resistive Sufism linguistics as a contribution to the decolonization of Islamic discourse and spiritual language in Indonesia.
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