The universal values of humanism in two Indonesian poems: A comparative literary study
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze and compare the representation of humanism values in the poems Kepada Peminta-Minta by Chairil Anwar and Gadis Kecil Peminta-Minta by Toto Sudarto Bachtiar, as well as to reveal the universality of human values reflected in both poems. The research focuses on the similarities, differences, and universal meanings of humanism values constructed by the two poets within the context of Indonesian literature. This study employs a qualitative method with a sastra bandingan approach. The data, consisting of words, phrases, lines, stanzas, and stylistic elements that represent humanism values, were collected through literature study, intensive reading, and note-taking techniques. The data were then analyzed using content analysis through the stages of identification, categorization, interpretation, and comparison. The results show that both poems similarly portray marginal figures as representations of social reality and place human beings at the center of attention. The difference lies in the orientation of humanism constructed by each poet. Chairil Anwar presents existential humanism, emphasizing human dignity, freedom, and individual resilience, while Toto Sudarto Bachtiar presents social humanism, highlighting empathy, concern, and justice for marginalized groups. Although the two poems differ in their aesthetic approaches and socio-historical backgrounds, both contain universal values, including respect for human dignity, compassion, solidarity, and social justice. These findings confirm that Indonesian poetry has an important contribution to presenting universal human values that remain relevant to the development of world literature.
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